When the great Tao is neglected, you see kindness and morality. When wisdom and knowledge are born, you get the big lie. When family is not peaceful, they respect and love each other. When the country is confused and chaotic it gets loyal officials.
1 慧智 Huì zhì is perhaps an idiom. Shizhen lists it as such but in reverse order: 智慧 zhì huì, meaning wisdom and intelligence. Some translators (e.g. Gibbs) translate this as cleverness, giving a negative spin to it: mere cleverness as opposed to true wisdom. I believe Lao Tsu is not attacking superficial cleverness here, but rather what conventional thinkers like Confucius consider to be real wisdom. Not for the old boy is the cheap shot -- he goes to the root.
Thanks to Miles Zarathustra for bringing this point to my attention.
| Index | Chinese | Pinyin | Literal | Idiomatic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 大 | da | great | When the great |
| 2 | 道 | dao | Tao | Tao |
| 3 | 廢 | fei | neglected | is neglected, |
| 4 | 有 | you | arise | you see |
| 5 | 仁 | ren | kindness | kindness and |
| 6 | 義 | yi | morality | morality. |
| 7 | 慧 | hui | wisdom | When wisdom |
| 8 | 智 | zhi [1] | knowledge | and knowledge |
| 9 | 出 | chu | birth | are born, |
| 10 | 有 | you | have | you get |
| 11 | 大 | da | great | the big |
| 12 | 偽 | wei | hypocrisy | lie. |
| 13 | 六 | liu | six | |
| 14 | 親 | qin | kinship | When family |
| 15 | 不 | bu | not | is not |
| 16 | 和 | he | concord | peaceful, |
| 17 | 有 | you | have | they |
| 18 | 孝 | xiao | respect | respect |
| 19 | 慈 | ci | love | and love each other. |
| 20 | 國 | guo | country | When the country |
| 21 | 家 | jia | clans | |
| 22 | 昏 | hun | confuse | is confused |
| 23 | 亂 | luan | chaos | and chaotic |
| 24 | 有 | you | have | it gets |
| 25 | 忠 | zhong | loyal | loyal |
| 26 | 臣 | chen | minister | officials. |